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Biogenesis and function of peroxisomes in parasitic protists
Nguyen, Thu Duong ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Verner, Zdeněk (referee)
Peroxisomes are found in majority of eukaryotes and possibly originate from the last eukaryotic common ancestor, as the proteins involved in their biogenesis are highly conserved. Enzymatic content of peroxisomes is highly diverse and their metabolic activity may vary depending on the cell type. Metabolically, peroxisomes interact with mitochondria and these organelles are functionally linked. Peroxisomes in unicellular eukaryotes are very diverse. The peroxisomes in kinetoplastids are named glycosomes because they contain several glycolic enzymes. The loss of peroxisomes occurs in certain representatives of Alveolata, and peroxisomes are entirely absent in Metamonada group. Anaerobic peroxisomes were found in Archamoebidae. They are metabolically quite distinct from their aerobic counterparts. The properties of these peroxisomes are related to the lifestyle of these protists. This work briefly summarizes information regarding the biogenesis of peroxisomes and their functions, their functional connection with mitochondria and then provide characteristics of peroxisomes in selected protists.
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Výskyt střevního prvoka, \kur{Dientamoeba fragilis}, u primátů v zajetí
KOUTENSKÁ, Monika
The main aim of this thesis was to summarize all available information on the occurrence of intestinal protist Dientamoeba fragilis in non-human primates kept in captivity. The partial objectives were to describe all available facts about the biology of D. fragilis, such as about its life cycle, host specificity, genetic diversity and the role of D. fragilis in the intestinal microbiome. In addition, I also addressed the issue of diagnosis of D. fragilis, which until recently was relatively difficult, and I summarized the available diagnostic molecular approaches and their benefits.
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Protists in oral cavity of humans and animals.
Brixí, Kateřina ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Rada, Petr (referee)
Trichomonas tenax, Trichomonas gallinae, Trichomonas gypaetinii, Trichomonas stableri, Trichomonas equibuccalis, Trichomonas brixi, Tetratrichomonas canistomae, Tetratrichomonas felistomae and Tetratrichomonas empyemagena are unicellular eukaryotes (protists) that may occur in oral cavity of humans and domestic animals. These protozoans are mostly referred as commensals and relatively low attention is paid to them, since they usually are not primary cause of serious health problems. However, based on current knowledge, it can be concluded that more appropriate term for Entamoeba gingivalis and Trichomonas tenax would be an opportunistic pathogen, while Trichomonas gallinae is a primary pathogen. There are very little studies and findings about the rest of oral protozoans and their pathogenicity, therefore it is not possible to assess their significance for a host. Nevertheless, the oral protozoans should not be neglected, as in some cases they can cause serious health complications in their host.
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Knowledge of Pupils Secondary School in the Area of Selected Zoonoses
Svobodová, Barbora ; Pavlasová, Lenka (advisor) ; Říhová, Dagmar (referee)
The subject of the dissertation deals with the secondary school pupil's awareness of zoonoses. Zoonoses are the diseases transmited from animals to human beings. Those are one of the topics of biology study currently. The main aim of the dissertation is theoretical definition of the matter in the first place. For knowledge testing have been chosen these four illness: Toxoplasmosis, Lyme boreliossis, Rabies and Creuzfeldt-Jakobo disease. With these chosen illness the main research goal is to provide a comprehensive collection of information about the details such as disease transfer, spread of the disease, disease development, cure and avoidance. The research part of the dissertation tries to find out the extent of knowledge about the chosen kinds of zoonoses among the pupils at specialized secondary schools. As a tool of quantitative research has been used a pupil's didactic test. As based on the evaluated results we may say that the pupil's knowledge at explored schools is relatively satisfactory.
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Role of exosomes and ectosomes in Trichomonas vaginalis virulence
Göblová, Rebeka ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Ditrich, Oleg (referee)
Trichomonas vaginalis is a causative agent of the most common non-viral sexually transmitted disease with approximately 275 mil new cases annually. Virulence of this parasitic depends on at least four factors: cell shape transformation, cytoadherence, secretion of cysteine proteases, and presence of endosymbionts. Over the past decades, extracellular vesicles appeared being another important player in the host-parasite interaction. It was discovered that T. vaginalis is one of the protists that can shed the extracellular vesicles such as exosomes and ectosomes. These vesicles are possibly involved in host-parasite communications, however limited information is available about their function. To investigate a possible role of exosomes in T. vaginalis virulence, we first selected suitable strain, which is free of endosymbionts (TV 17-2MI). Next we prepared six clones of TV 17-2MI strain to test whether the strain is homogenous concerning the virulence, or there are differences in virulence among individual cells. Mouse intraperitoneal virulence tests revealed that the clones displayed significant differences in virulence level, particularly in abscess formation and mortality of infected animals. Thus, for the first time we demonstrated heterogeneity of cells derived from a single T. vaginalis strain...
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Interaction between hydrogenosomes and endoplasmic reticulum in Trichomonas vaginalis
Kučerová, Jitka ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Černý, Jan (referee)
Endoplasmic reticulum-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) is a protein complex tethering ER and mitochondria. ERMES consists of four core subunits - Mmm1, Mmm2 (Mdm34), Mdm10 and Mdm12. It was first discovered in Saccharomyces cerevisiae and most functional information is based on studies of this organism. ERMES affects mitochondrial distribution and morphology, participates in lipid trafficking and is important for homeostasis of the cell. In Trichomonas vaginalis, the human urogenital parasite, three genes for putative, highly divergent components of ERMES complex were predicted. However, the cell localization of these proteins and their function is unknown. This thesis is focused on investigation of ERMES components in T. vaginalis, their cellular localization, interactions between components and identification of their possible interacting partners.
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Virulence factors of Entamoeba histolytica
Novotná, Monika ; Tachezy, Jan (advisor) ; Tůmová, Pavla (referee)
The parasitic protist Entamoeba histolytica causes intestinal disease called amoebiasis (amoebic dysentery), which is one of the most significant diseases worldwide, mainly in developing countries. The goal of this bachelor thesis is to summarize current knowledge about virulence factors of E. histolytica. It is primarly focused on adhesive lectin Gal/GalNAc, cysteine proteases, phagocytosis of apoptotic cells, amoebapore forming pores in the membranes of the target cells and trogocytosis. Keywords: virulence factors, Entamoeba histolytica, parasite, protist, amoebiasis, lectin Gal/GalNAc, cysteine proteinase, phagocytosis, trogocytosis, amoebapore
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Diversity and host specificity of intestinal protists of cockroaches and termites (Blattodea)
Soviš, Matyáš ; Čepička, Ivan (advisor) ; Kolísko, Martin (referee)
The cockroaches (Blattodea) are morphologically and ecologically diverse group of insects living in manifold habitats. Some of them including many termites (Isoptera) feed on wood in various stages of decay. This is however difficult to metabolise for the vast majority of cockroaches and termites and this is why they harbour in their hindguts symbiotic protists belonging mostly to the excavate lineages Parabasalia and Preaxostyla. In this thesis I sum up the knowledge on the diversity of organisms living in the hindgut of cockroaches and termites and on the host specificity of the most important groups of symbiotic protists. Keywords: Blattodea, Isoptera, hindgut, host specificity, diversity, protist, Parabasalia, Oxymonadida
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